Here is the link to an informative article on nytimes, detailing the genesis and circumstances associated with the quantification of risk in a portfolio.
The book mentioned at the beginning of the article “Against the gods” is a part of a series of excellent books by Peter L Bernstein: Capital Ideas, Against the gods and The power of gold. The breadth of history covered in these books along with the analysis and the author’s insights are well worth the time spent in reading these books.
Highly recommended, both the article as well as the books!